IoT Security: Difficulties & Strategies to Implement

The manufacturing, transportation, and healthcare industries have undergone significant transformations because of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT security entails safeguarding networks and devices from online attacks, preserving system integrity, and guaranteeing data privacy. IoT security is challenging because of the heterogeneous and dispersed nature of IoT environments, the low processing power of many devices, and the frequently disjointed security protocols. Developing complete tactics that include secure device authentication, constant monitoring, strong encryption techniques, and adherence to changing security rules is necessary to address these issues. 

Intending to build a more secure and resilient IoT ecosystem, this article explores the challenges associated with IoT security and provides practical solutions to reduce these risks.

The significance of IoT devices security

The large number of connected devices and the possible hazards posed by their flaws make IoT device security extremely important. IoT devices are appearing increasingly in many facets of life, such as industrial automation and smart homes, and maintaining their security is essential to preventing data breaches and cyberattacks.

Infrastructure security

Threats to IoT security might also arise at the infrastructure level. After gaining access to device credentials, attackers may take advantage of platform or server flaws to obtain important client data and compromise further networked devices. Role-based access control (RBAC) and access control lists (ACLs) are essential authorization systems for reducing such threats. The entire security of the IoT ecosystem is improved by these procedures, which make sure that only authorized users or devices can access particular resources.

Customer’s LAN vulnerability

If the architecture of the IoT platform is not sufficiently protected, the vulnerability of a customer's local network can have a major effect on the platform's performance. The intrinsic weaknesses of smart gadgets are the source of this security issue. Attackers who manage to get into a client's local network may be able to obtain device credentials, which could lead to the acquisition of private client data and unapproved system access.

Complex ecosystem vulnerabilities

Various security threats are introduced by the heterogeneous nature of the IoT ecosystem, which consists of devices from different manufacturers and involves multiple stakeholders. Coordinated efforts and standardized security procedures are necessary to safeguard this unique environment.

An example of this would be a smart city infrastructure that includes IoT devices for environmental monitoring, traffic management, and public safety, all of which may have their security protocols and vulnerabilities. If these are not appropriately addressed, the ecosystem becomes vulnerable to attacks.

IoT security difficulties

IoT security challenges are varied with issues to monitor and secure IoT devices efficiently. Several significant obstacles consist of:

Default credentials and user neglect

A lot of IoT devices come with weak default passwords that users frequently forget to change. As a result, hostile actors may exploit the devices using brute-force attacks and password hacking. For instance, the Mirai botnet launched a significant DDoS attack in 2016 by taking advantage of default credentials on IoT devices like routers and security cameras.

Insecure interfaces

IoT devices usually have inadequate or nonexistent encryption, which leaves them open to hacking and data leaks. Insufficient authentication methods can further compromise device security. For example, flaws in Ring security cameras made it possible for hackers to view camera feeds and interact with users by using weak passwords.

Handling large amounts of data

Massive volumes of data are generated by IoT devices, which make data management and security difficult. The sheer number makes it challenging to keep an eye on things and put good data protection measures in place. The fact that many IoT devices cannot filter data and prioritize tasks exacerbates this problem.

Limitations of expertise in-house

It is quite challenging to find professionals with the specific skills needed to design and protect IoT devices. Although the market for IoT is expanding quickly, there is a shortage of qualified workers to meet demand. It is difficult to adopt strong security measures and carry out IoT projects successfully due to a lack of internal competence.

6 steps to protect IoT devices

1. Change default credentials

Changing all IoT devices' default usernames and passwords is the most significant first step. Devices are exposed to assaults because of the ease with which default credentials can be found online. Use secure, one-of-a-kind passwords for every device.

2. Two-factor authentication (2FA)

Make sure two-factor authentication is enabled on your IoT devices. By demanding a second form of verification in addition to a password, 2FA offers an extra layer of protection. As a result, it is far more difficult for attackers to obtain illegal access.

3. Isolate IoT devices on a separate network

Put your IoT devices on a different VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) from your primary network. This network isolation restricts an attacker's ability to move laterally to other devices on your network and aids in containing such breaches.

4. Software and firmware up-to-date

Update your IoT devices' firmware and software to the most recent versions regularly. Vendors released by security flaws patches. Updating devices is essential for preventing known exploits.

5. Monitor network traffic and device activity

To monitor traffic to and from your IoT devices, use network monitoring software. Keep an eye out for any strange or suspicious activities that might point to a compromise. Numerous technologies can also identify newly connected devices to your network.

6. Device permissions and access

Limit each IoT device's access levels and permissions to just those required for the device to perform as intended. Restrict access to systems and sensitive data to lessen the possible effect of a breach.

IoT security strategies implementation

Secure device onboarding

Make sure that new IoT devices are provisioned with strong, distinct credentials and certificates during onboarding. Use secure protocols such as DTLS (Datagram transport layer security)  for encrypted communication and 802.1AR for device authentication.

A safe onboarding procedure is used in a smart factory for adding new actuators and sensors to the network. Every device has its own X.509 certificate and uses an encrypted DTLS channel to connect with the central control system.

Anomaly detection and behavioral analytics

Use anomaly detection solutions driven by AI to track IoT device behavior and spot questionable activity. Establish baselines and look for variances that might point to a compromise using machine learning methods.

To track connected devices' movements, behavioral analytics is used by a smart building's security system. It identifies an attempt by an HVAC unit to get access to the building's access control system, which is reported as unusual activity. An alert is automatically generated by the system for additional research.

Blockchain-based identity management

Use blockchain technology to maintain decentralized IoT device identities. Create a trusting environment between devices with smart contracts to facilitate safe communication and data exchange.

A blockchain-based identity management system is used by smart energy grids. It verifies and approves connected sensors and meters. The blockchain records the distinct identification of every device, facilitating safe peer-to-peer communication and data exchange amongst grid elements.

Secure Over-the-air (OTA) updates

Update firmware and software on IoT devices remotely by implementing secure Over-the-air (OTA) update procedures. To avoid manipulation and unwanted access, make sure updates are encrypted, signed, and sent via a secure channel.

Software fixes and feature upgrades are distributed to linked trucks via a iot fleet  management system through secure Over-the-air updates. The upgrades are installed automatically by the trucks' onboard computers, encrypted while in transit, and signed by the manufacturer.

Kaa IoT security access management

Management and control of access to IoT devices, systems, and data is referred to as IoT Access Management (IAM). Their responsibilities and identities, entail identifying, authenticating, and granting devices and users access to resources. IAM protects the IoT ecosystem from unauthorized access and potential data breaches by making sure that only authorized devices and users may access essential information and resources.

Kaa IoT offers identity and access management in comprehensive, unified user resource access and permission management for advanced, secure solutions. Kaa IAM is easy to use, and although it was initially intended for large-scale businesses, it can be easily implemented for any size business. It facilitates full resource access, user management, and integrated authentication/authorization.

All the necessary resources are available through Kaa IAM to guarantee that your identity and access management architecture incorporates best practices for IoT security. It uses a high-level, fine-grained authorization mechanism created for our IoT platform security, offers integration APIs, and permits arbitrary third-party app integrations by offering a common language. A stand-alone IAM SaaS solution, Kaa IAM integrates into the specific corporate software environment of your business.

Conclusion

There are several obstacles in the way of securing the Internet of Things, from the sheer number and variety of devices to the difficulty of guaranteeing end-to-end security across a variety of communication protocols. Effective tactics, nonetheless, can lessen these difficulties. Key implementations include strong encryption, secure boot, tamper-proof and decentralized data management via blockchain, and AI-powered real-time threat detection. 

Do you need help to establish robust security? Contact us, our experts will help you to implement security practices in your life for IoT device protection.